Abbreviations and definitions

AAS

atomic absorption spectrometry

BAT

best available techniques

BCR CRM

Community Bureau of Reference, certified reference material

(C) needles

current-year needles

(C+1) needles

previous-year needles

CEN

European Committee for Standardization

CH3SH

methyl mercaptane

(CH3)2S

methylsulphide

CRM

certified reference material

dae

aerodynamic diameter

3-D

three-dimensional

EDS

energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry

EFTEM

energy transmission electron microscopy

EIA

environmental impact assessment

FAAS

flame atomic absorption spectrometry

FPXRF

field portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

GFAAS

graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

GPS

Global Positioning System

HC

hydrocarbons

hdw

hardwood

H2S

hydrogen sulphide

ICP-AES

inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

ICP-MS

inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

IPPC

integrated pollution prevention and control (directive)

IR

infrared

ISO

International Organization for Standardization

KemiGis

computer-based geographic information system

lower-Q

lower quartile, i.e. the 25th percentile (0.25)

LWC

Light Weight Coated

MVA

mega-volt-ampere; mega = 106

MWC

Medium Weight Coated

NAA

neutron activation analysis

PFA

perfluoroalkoxy

PM10

particulate matter < 10 m in aerodynamic diameter

PM4

particulate matter < 4.0 m in aerodynamic diameter

PM2.5

particulate matter < 2.5 m in aerodynamic diameter

PTFE

polytetrafluoroethylene

Rsq

R2

RSD (rsd)

relative standard deviation

r.s. (%)

relative solubility

SEM

scanning electron microscopy

SFS

Finnish Standards Association SFS

SPSS

a commercial statistical computer program

SRM

standard reference material

stw

softwood

TEM

transmission electron microscopy

TRS

total reduced sulphur

TSP

total suspended particles

UNEP

United Nations Environment Program

USEPA

US, Environmental Protection Agency

upper-Q

upper quartile, i.e. the 75th percentile (0.75)

WHO

World Health Organisation

VTT

Technical Research Centre of Finland

XRF

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry