| Development of the adreno-genital systemFemale sex determination, ovarian and adrenal gland ontogeny regulated by Wnt-4 in mice | ||
|---|---|---|
| Prev | ||
Achermann JC, Meeks JJ & Larry Jameson J (2001) Phenotypic spectrum of mutations in DAX-1 and SF-1. Mol Cell Endocrinol 185: 17-25.
Armstrong JF, Pritchard-Jones K, Bickmore WA, Hastie ND & Bard JB (1993) The expression of the Wilms" tumour gene, WT1, in the developing mammalian embryo. Mech Dev 40: 85-97.
Baarends WM, van Helmond MJ, Post M, van der Schoot PJ, Hoogerbrugge JW, de Winter JP, Uilenbroek JT, Karels B, Wilming LG, Meijers JH, Themmen APN & Grootegoed JA (1994) A novel member of the transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptor family is specifically expressed in the gonads and in mesenchymal cells adjacent to the mullerian duct. Development 120: 189-197.
Baker PJ, Sha JH & O"Shaughnessy PJ (1997) Localisation and regulation of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 mRNA during development in the mouse testis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 133: 127-133.
Bardoni B, Zanaria E, Guioli S, Floridia G, Worley KC, Tonini G, Ferrante E, Chiumello G, McCabe ER, Fraccaro M, Zuffardi O & Camerino G (1994) A dosage sensitive locus at chromosome Xp21 is involved in male to female sex reversal. Nat Genet 7: 497-501.
Beck ARP, Miller IJ, Anderson P & Streuli M (1998) RNA-binding protein TIAR is essential for primordial germ cell development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95: 2331-2336.
Behringer RR, Cate RL, Froelick GJ, Palmiter RD & Brinster RL (1990) Abnormal sexual development in transgenic mice chronically expressing mullerian inhibiting substance [see comments]. Nature 345: 167-170.
Behringer RR, Finegold MJ & Cate RL (1994) Mullerian-inhibiting substance function during mammalian sexual development. Cell 79: 415-425.
Bellusci S, Furuta Y, Rush MG, Henderson R, Winnier G & Hogan BL (1997) Involvement of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in mouse embryonic lung growth and morphogenesis. Development 124: 53-63.
Bendel-Stenzel M, Anderson R, Heasman J & Wylie C (1998) The origin and migration of primordial germ cells in the mouse. Semin Cell Dev Biol 9: 393-400.
Bhanot P, Brink M, Samos CH, Hsieh JC, Wang Y, Macke JP, Andrew D, Nathans J & Nusse R (1996) A new member of the frizzled family from Drosophila functions as a Wingless receptor. Nature 382: 225-230.
Birk OS, Casiano DE, Wassif CA, Cogliati T, Zhao L, Zhao Y, Grinberg A, Huang S, Kreidberg JA, Parker KL, Porter FD & Westphal H (2000) The LIM homeobox gene Lhx9 is essential for mouse gonad formation [In Process Citation]. Nature 403: 909-913.
Black SM, Harikrishna JA, Szklarz GD & Miller WL (1994) The mitochondrial environment is required for activity of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, cytochrome P450scc. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91: 7247-7251.
Boutros M, Paricio N, Strutt DI & Mlodzik M (1998) Dishevelled activates JNK and discriminates between JNK pathways in planar polarity and wingless signaling. Cell 94: 109-118.
Bowles J & Koopman P (2001) New clues to the puzzle of mammalian sex determination. Genome Biol 2: REVIEWS1025.
Brekhman V, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Yodko E, Deutsch M & Seligman J (2000) The DAZL1 gene is expressed in human male and female embryonic gonads before meiosis. Mol Hum Reprod 6: 465-468.
Brisken C, Heineman A, Chavarria T, Elenbaas B, Tan J, Dey SK, McMahon JA, McMahon AP & Weinberg RA (2000) Essential function of Wnt-4 in mammary gland development downstream of progesterone signaling. Genes Dev 14: 650-654.
Buehr M, Gu S & McLaren A (1993) Mesonephric contribution to testis differentiation in the fetal mouse. Development 117: 273-281.
Burris TP, Guo W, Le T & McCabe ER (1995) Identification of a putative steroidogenic factor-1 response element in the DAX-1 promoter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 214: 576-581.
Böttner A & Bornstein SR (2001) Lessons learned from gene targeting and transgenesis for adrenal physiology and disease. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2: 275-287.
Cadigan KM & Nusse R (1997) Wnt signaling: a common theme in animal development. Genes Dev 11: 3286-3305.
Capel B, Albrecht KH, Washburn LL & Eicher EM (1999) Migration of mesonephric cells into the mammalian gonad depends on Sry. Mech Dev 84: 127-131.
Chang BH, Shimmin LC, Shyue SK, Hewett-Emmett D & Li WH (1994) Weak male-driven molecular evolution in rodents. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91: 827-831.
Clarke TR, Hoshiya Y, Yi SE, Liu X, Lyons KM & Donahoe PK (2001) Mullerian inhibiting substance signaling uses a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-like pathway mediated by ALK2 and induces SMAD6 expression. Mol Endocrinol 15: 946-959.
Cline TW & Meyer BJ (1996) Vive la difference: males vs females in flies vs worms. Annu Rev Genet 30: 637-702.
Colvin JS, Green RP, Schmahl J, Capel B & Ornitz DM (2001) Male-to-female sex reversal in mice lacking fibroblast growth factor 9. Cell 104: 875-889.
Couse JF & Korach KS (1999a) Estrogen receptor null mice: what have we learned and where will they lead us? Endocr Rev 20: 358-417.
Couse JF & Korach KS (1999b) Reproductive phenotypes in the estrogen receptor-alpha knockout mouse. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 60: 143-148.
Crawford PA, Dorn C, Sadovsky Y & Milbrandt J (1998) Nuclear receptor DAX-1 recruits nuclear receptor corepressor N-CoR to steroidogenic factor 1. Mol Cell Biol 18: 2949-2956.
De Grandi A, Calvari V, Bertini V, Bulfone A, Peverali G, Camerino G, Borsani G & Guioli S (2000) The expression pattern of a mouse doublesex-related gene is consistent with a role in gonadal differentiation. Mech Dev 90: 323-326.
Deacon CF, Mosley W & Jones IC (1986) The X zone of the mouse adrenal cortex of the Swiss albino strain. Gen Comp Endocrinol 61: 87-99.
Dean J (2002) Oocyte-specific genes regulate follicle formation, fertility and early mouse development. J Reprod Immunol 53: 171-180.
Dolle P, Izpisua-Belmonte JC, Brown JM, Tickle C & Duboule D (1991) HOX-4 genes and the morphogenesis of mammalian genitalia. Genes Dev 5: 1767-1767.
Dong WF, Heng HH, Lowsky R, Xu Y, DeCoteau JF, Shi XM, Tsui LC & Minden MD (1997) Cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization to 11p12-13 of a human LIM/HOMEOBOX gene, hLim-1. DNA Cell Biol 16: 671-678.
Eberhart CG & Argani P (2001) Wnt signaling in human development: beta-catenin nuclear translocation in fetal lung, kidney, placenta, capillaries, adrenal, and cartilage. Pediatr Dev Pathol 4: 351-357.
Edwards HE & Burnham WM (2001) The impact of corticosteroids on the developing animal. Pediatr Res 50: 433-440.
Ehrhart-Bornstein M, Hinson JP, Bornstein SR, Scherbaum WA & Vinson GP (1998) Intraadrenal interactions in the regulation of adrenocortical steroidogenesis. Endocr Rev 19: 101-143.
Eicher EM, Washburn LL, Schork NJ, Lee BK, Shown EP, Xu X, Dredge RD, Pringle MJ & Page DC (1996) Sex-determining genes on mouse autosomes identified by linkage analysis of C57BL/6J-YPOS sex reversal. Nat Genet 14: 206-209.
Enders GC & May JJ, 2nd (1994) Developmentally regulated expression of a mouse germ cell nuclear antigen examined from embryonic day 11 to adult in male and female mice. Dev Biol 163: 331-340.
Ferguson MW & Joanen T (1982) Temperature of egg incubation determines sex in Alligator mississippiensis. Nature 296: 850-853.
Fleischman RA (1993) From white spots to stem cells: the role of the Kit receptor in mammalian development. Trends Genet 9: 285-290.
Foster JW, Dominguez-Steglich MA, Guioli S, Kowk G, Weller PA, Stevanovic M, Weissenbach J, Mansour S, Young ID, Goodfellow PN, Brook DJ & Schafer AJ (1994) Campomelic dysplasia and autosomal sex reversal caused by mutations in an SRY-related gene. Nature 372: 525-530.
Francis RC, Soma K & Fernald RD (1993) Social regulation of the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 7794-7798.
Fujii T, Pichel JG, Taira M, Toyama R, Dawid IB & Westphal H (1994) Expression patterns of the murine LIM class homeobox gene lim1 in the developing brain and excretory system. Dev Dyn 199: 73-83.
Geissler WM, Davis DL, Wu L, Bradshaw KD, Patel S, Mendonca BB, Elliston KO, Wilson JD, Russell DW & Andersson S (1994) Male pseudohermaphroditism caused by mutations of testicular 17 beta- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 [see comments]. Nat Genet 7: 34-39.
Ginsburg M, Snow MH & McLaren A (1990) Primordial germ cells in the mouse embryo during gastrulation. Development 110: 521-528.
Giuili G, Shen WH & Ingraham HA (1997) The nuclear receptor SF-1 mediates sexually dimorphic expression of Mullerian Inhibiting Substance, in vivo. Development 124: 1799-1807.
Gomperts M, Wylie C & Heasman J (1994) Primordial germ cell migration. Ciba Found Symp 182: 121-134; discussion 134-129.
Goodfellow PN & Lovell-Badge R (1993) SRY and sex determination in mammals. Annu Rev Genet 27: 71-92.
Graves JA (1998) Evolution of the mammalian Y chromosome and sex-determining genes. J Exp Zool 281: 472-481.
Gubbay J, Collignon J, Koopman P, Capel B, Economou A, Munsterberg A, Vivian N, Goodfellow P & Lovell-Badge R (1990a) A gene mapping to the sex-determining region of the mouse Y chromosome is a member of a novel family of embryonically expressed genes [see comments]. Nature 346: 245-250.
Gubbay J, Koopman P, Collignon J, Burgoyne P & Lovell-Badge R (1990b) Normal structure and expression of Zfy genes in XY female mice mutant in Tdy. Development 109: 647-653.
Guo W, Burris TP, Zhang YH, Huang BL, Mason J, Copeland KC, Kupfer SR, Pagon RA & McCabe ER (1996) Genomic sequence of the DAX1 gene: an orphan nuclear receptor responsible for X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81: 2481-2486.
Hall AC, Lucas FR & Salinas PC (2000) Axonal remodeling and synaptic differentiation in the cerebellum is regulated by WNT-7a signaling. Cell 100: 525-535.
Hammes A, Guo JK, Lutsch G, Leheste JR, Landrock D, Ziegler U, Gubler MC & Schedl A (2001) Two splice variants of the Wilms" tumor 1 gene have distinct functions during sex determination and nephron formation. Cell 106: 319-329.
Haqq CM, King CY, Ukiyama E, Falsafi S, Haqq TN, Donahoe PK & Weiss MA (1994) Molecular basis of mammalian sexual determination: activation of Mullerian inhibiting substance gene expression by SRY. Science 266: 1494-1500.
Harley VR, Jackson DI, Hextall PJ, Hawkins JR, Berkovitz GD, Sockanathan S, Lovell-Badge R & Goodfellow PN (1992) DNA binding activity of recombinant SRY from normal males and XY females. Science 255: 453-456.
Hatano O, Takayama K, Imai T, Waterman MR, Takakusu A, Omura T & Morohashi K (1994) Sex-dependent expression of a transcription factor, Ad4BP, regulating steroidogenic P-450 genes in the gonads during prenatal and postnatal rat development. Development 120: 2787-2797.
Heikkilä M, Peltoketo H & Vainio S (2001) Wnts and the female reproductive system. J Exp Zool 290: 616-623.
Hogan B, Beddington R, Constantini F & Lacy E (1994) Manipulating the Mouse Embryo: A Laboratory Manual 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor Press, New York.
Honda S, Morohashi K, Nomura M, Takeya H, Kitajima M & Omura T (1993) Ad4BP regulating steroidogenic P-450 gene is a member of steroid hormone receptor superfamily. J Biol Chem 268: 7494-7502.
Houston CS, Opitz JM, Spranger JW, Macpherson RI, Reed MH, Gilbert EF, Herrmann J & Schinzel A (1983) The campomelic syndrome: review, report of 17 cases, and follow-up on the currently 17-year-old boy first reported by Maroteaux et al in 1971. Am J Med Genet 15: 3-28.
Huang B, Wang S, Ning Y, Lamb AN & Bartley J (1999) Autosomal XX sex reversal caused by duplication of SOX9. Am J Med Genet 87: 349-353.
Ikeda Y, Luo X, Abbud R, Nilson JH & Parker KL (1995) The nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 is essential for the formation of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. Mol Endocrinol 9: 478-486.
Ikeda Y, Shen WH, Ingraham HA & Parker KL (1994) Developmental expression of mouse steroidogenic factor-1, an essential regulator of the steroid hydroxylases. Mol Endocrinol 8: 654-662.
Ikeda Y, Swain A, Weber TJ, Hentges KE, Zanaria E, Lalli E, Tamai KT, Sassone-Corsi P, Lovell-Badge R, Camerino G & Parker KL (1996) Steroidogenic factor 1 and Dax-1 colocalize in multiple cell lineages: potential links in endocrine development. Mol Endocrinol 10: 1261-1272.
Imbeaud S, Carre-Eusebe D, Rey R, Belville C, Josso N & Picard JY (1994) Molecular genetics of the persistent mullerian duct syndrome: a study of 19 families. Hum Mol Genet 3: 125-131.
Imbeaud S, Faure E, Lamarre I, Mattei MG, di Clemente N, Tizard R, Carre-Eusebe D, Belville C, Tragethon L, Tonkin C, Nelson J, McAuliffe M, Bidart J-M, Lababidi A, Josso N, Cate RL, Picard J-Y (1995) Insensitivity to anti-mullerian hormone due to a mutation in the human anti-mullerian hormone receptor. Nat Genet 11: 382-388.
Imperato-McGinley J, Guerrero L, Gautier T & Peterson RE (1974) Steroid 5alpha-reductase deficiency in man: an inherited form of male pseudohermaphroditism. Science 186: 1213-1215.
Ingraham HA, Lala DS, Ikeda Y, Luo X, Shen WH, Nachtigal MW, Abbud R, Nilson JH & Parker KL (1994) The nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 acts at multiple levels of the reproductive axis. Genes Dev 8: 2302-2312.
Ito M, Yu R & Jameson JL (1997) DAX-1 inhibits SF-1-mediated transactivation via a carboxy-terminal domain that is deleted in adrenal hypoplasia congenita. Mol Cell Biol 17: 1476-1483.
Jacobs PA, Brunton M, Melville MM, Brittain RP & McClemont WF (1965) Aggressive behavior, mental sub-normality and the XYY male. Nature 208: 1351-1352.
Jeffs B, Meeks JJ, Ito M, Martinson FA, Matzuk MM, Jameson JL & Russell LD (2001) Blockage of the rete testis and efferent ductules by ectopic Sertoli and Leydig cells causes infertility in Dax1-deficient male mice. Endocrinology 142: 4486-4495.
Jimenez R, Sanchez A, Burgos M & Diaz de la Guardia R (1996) Puzzling out the genetics of mammalian sex determination. Trends Genet 12: 164-166.
Jordan BK, Mohammed M, Ching ST, Delot E, Chen XN, Dewing P, Swain A, Rao PN, Elejalde BR & Vilain E (2001) Up-regulation of WNT-4 signaling and dosage-sensitive sex reversal in humans. Am J Hum Genet 68: 1102-1109.
Kagimoto M, Winter JS, Kagimoto K, Simpson ER & Waterman MR (1988) Structural characterization of normal and mutant human steroid 17 alpha- hydroxylase genes: molecular basis of one example of combined 17 alpha- hydroxylase/17,20 lyase deficiency. Mol Endocrinol 2: 564-570.
Katoh-Fukui Y, Tsuchiya R, Shiroishi T, Nakahara Y, Hashimoto N, Noguchi K & Higashinakagawa T (1998) Male-to-female sex reversal in M33 mutant mice. Nature 393: 688-692.
Kent J, Wheatley SC, Andrews JE, Sinclair AH & Koopman P (1996) A male-specific role for SOX9 in vertebrate sex determination. Development 122: 2813-2822.
Keshet E, Lyman SD, Williams DE, Anderson DM, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG & Parada LF (1991) Embryonic RNA expression patterns of the c-kit receptor and its cognate ligand suggest multiple functional roles in mouse development. Embo J 10: 2425-2435.
Kiiveri S, Liu J, Westerholm-Ormio M, Narita N, Wilson DB, Voutilainen R & Heikinheimo M (2002) Differential expression of GATA-4 and GATA-6 in fetal and adult mouse and human adrenal tissue. Endocrinology 143: 3136-3143.
Kishimoto J, Burgeson RE & Morgan BA (2000) Wnt signaling maintains the hair-inducing activity of the dermal papilla. Genes Dev 14: 1181-1185.
Kispert A, Vainio S & McMahon AP (1998) Wnt-4 is a mesenchymal signal for epithelial transformation of metanephric mesenchyme in the developing kidney. Development 125: 4225-4234.
Kispert A, Vainio S, Shen L, Rowitch DH & McMahon AP (1996) Proteoglycans are required for maintenance of Wnt-11 expression in the ureter tips. Development 122: 3627-3637.
Kletter GB, Foster CM, Brown MB, Padmanabhan V, Beitins IZ, Marshall JC & Kelch RP (1991) Naloxone does not reverse the suppressive effects of testosterone infusion on luteinizing hormone secretion in pubertal boys. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 73: 1241-1247.
Knebelmann B, Boussin L, Guerrier D, Legeai L, Kahn A, Josso N & Picard JY (1991) Anti-Mullerian hormone Bruxelles: a nonsense mutation associated with the persistent Mullerian duct syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 3767-3771.
Koopman P, Gubbay J, Vivian N, Goodfellow P & Lovell-Badge R (1991) Male development of chromosomally female mice transgenic for Sry [see comments]. Nature 351: 117-121.
Kozopas KM, Samos CH & Nusse R (1998) DWnt-2, a Drosophila Wnt gene required for the development of the male reproductive tract, specifies a sexually dimorphic cell fate. Genes Dev 12: 1155-1165.
Krege JH, Hodgin JB, Couse JF, Enmark E, Warner M, Mahler JF, Sar M, Korach KS, Gustafsson JA & Smithies O (1998) Generation and reproductive phenotypes of mice lacking estrogen receptor beta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95: 15677-15682.
Kreidberg JA, Sariola H, Loring JM, Maeda M, Pelletier J, Housman D & Jaenisch R (1993) WT-1 is required for early kidney development. Cell 74: 679-691.
Kwok C, Tyler-Smith C, Mendonca BB, Hughes I, Berkovitz GD, Goodfellow PN & Hawkins JR (1996) Mutation analysis of the 2 kb 5" to SRY in XY females and XY intersex subjects. J Med Genet 33: 465-468.
Lahoud MH, Ristevski S, Venter DJ, Jermiin LS, Bertoncello I, Zavarsek S, Hasthorpe S, Drago J, de Kretser D, Hertzog PJ & Kola I (2001) Gene targeting of Desrt, a novel ARID class DNA-binding protein, causes growth retardation and abnormal development of reproductive organs. Genome Res 11: 1327-1334.
Lala DS, Rice DA & Parker KL (1992) Steroidogenic factor I, a key regulator of steroidogenic enzyme expression, is the mouse homolog of fushi tarazu-factor I. Mol Endocrinol 6: 1249-1258.
Lalli E, Bardoni B, Zazopoulos E, Wurtz JM, Strom TM, Moras D & Sassone-Corsi P (1997) A transcriptional silencing domain in DAX-1 whose mutation causes adrenal hypoplasia congenita. Mol Endocrinol 11: 1950-1960.
Lee SM, Tole S, Grove E & McMahon AP (2000) A local Wnt-3a signal is required for development of the mammalian hippocampus. Development 127: 457-467.
van Leeuwen F, Samos CH & Nusse R (1994) Biological activity of soluble wingless protein in cultured Drosophila imaginal disc cells. Nature 368: 342-344.
Lemmen JG, Broekhof JL, Kuiper GG, Gustafsson JA, van der Saag PT & van der Burg B (1999) Expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta during mouse embryogenesis. Mech Dev 81: 163-167.
Li C, Xiao J, Hormi K, Borok Z & Minoo P (2002) Wnt5a participates in distal lung morphogenesis. Dev Biol 248: 68-81.
Liu P, Wakamiya M, Shea MJ, Albrecht U, Behringer RR & Bradley A (1999) Requirement for Wnt3 in vertebrate axis formation. Nat Genet 22: 361-365.
Lubahn DB, Moyer JS, Golding TS, Couse JF, Korach KS & Smithies O (1993) Alteration of reproductive function but not prenatal sexual development after insertional disruption of the mouse estrogen receptor gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 11162-11166.
Luo X, Ikeda Y & Parker KL (1994) A cell-specific nuclear receptor is essential for adrenal and gonadal development and sexual differentiation. Cell 77: 481-490.
Lyet L, Louis F, Forest MG, Josso N, Behringer RR & Vigier B (1995) Ontogeny of reproductive abnormalities induced by deregulation of anti- mullerian hormone expression in transgenic mice. Biol Reprod 52: 444-454.
MacLean HE, Warne GL & Zajac JD (1997) Intersex disorders: shedding light on male sexual differentiation beyond SRY. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 46: 101-108.
Mahendroo MS, Cala KM, Hess DL & Russell DW (2001) Unexpected virilization in male mice lacking steroid 5 alpha-reductase enzymes. Endocrinology 142: 4652-4662.
Mailander J, Muller-Esterl W & Dedio J (2001) Human homolog of mouse tescalcin associates with Na(+)/H(+) exchanger type-1. FEBS Lett 507: 331-335.
Marin P, Ferlin A, Moro E, Rossi A, Bartoloni L, Rossato M & Foresta C (2001) Novel insulin-like 3 (INSL3) gene mutation associated with human cryptorchidism. Am J Med Genet 103: 348-349.
Martineau J, Nordqvist K, Tilmann C, Lovell-Badge R & Capel B (1997) Male-specific cell migration into the developing gonad. Curr Biol 7: 958-968.
Mattei MG, Penault-Llorca F, Coulier F & Birnbaum D (1995) The human FGF9 gene maps to chromosomal region 13q11-q12. Genomics 29: 811-812.
McElreavey K, Barbaux S, Ion A & Fellous M (1995) The genetic basis of murine and human sex determination: a review. Heredity 75 ( Pt 6): 599-611.
McElreavy K, Vilain E, Abbas N, Costa JM, Souleyreau N, Kucheria K, Boucekkine C, Thibaud E, Brauner R, Flamant F & Fellous M (1992) XY sex reversal associated with a deletion 5" to the SRY "HMG box" in the testis-determining region. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 11016-11020.
McElreavey K, Vilain E, Abbas N, Herskowitz I & Fellous M (1993a) A regulatory cascade hypothesis for mammalian sex determination: SRY represses a negative regulator of male development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 3368-3372.
McElreavey K, Vilain E, Cotinot C, Payen E & Fellous M (1993b) Control of sex determination in animals. Eur J Biochem 218: 769-783.
McLaren A & Southee D (1997) Entry of mouse embryonic germ cells into meiosis. Dev Biol 187: 107-113.
McMahon AP & Bradley A (1990) The Wnt-1 (int-1) proto-oncogene is required for development of a large region of the mouse brain. Cell 62: 1073-1085.
Mesiano S & Jaffe RB (1997) Developmental and functional biology of the primate fetal adrenal cortex. Endocr Rev 18: 378-403.
Meyer J, Sudbeck P, Held M, Wagner T, Schmitz ML, Bricarelli FD, Eggermont E, Friedrich U, Haas OA, Kobelt A, Leroy JG, Van Maldergem L, Michel E, Mitulla B, Pfeiffer RA, Schinzel A, Schmidt H & Scherer G (1997) Mutational analysis of the SOX9 gene in campomelic dysplasia and autosomal sex reversal: lack of genotype/phenotype correlations. Hum Mol Genet 6: 91-98.
Miller C, Pavlova A & Sassoon DA (1998) Differential expression patterns of Wnt genes in the murine female reproductive tract during development and the estrous cycle. Mech Dev 76: 91-99.
Miller C & Sassoon DA (1998) Wnt-7a maintains appropriate uterine patterning during the development of the mouse female reproductive tract. Development 125: 3201-3211.
Miller WL (1998) Early steps in androgen biosynthesis: from cholesterol to DHEA. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 12: 67-81.
Miller WL & Strauss JF, 3rd (1999) Molecular pathology and mechanism of action of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, StAR. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 69: 131-141.
Mishina Y, Rey R, Finegold MJ, Matzuk MM, Josso N, Cate RL & Behringer RR (1996) Genetic analysis of the Mullerian-inhibiting substance signal transduction pathway in mammalian sexual differentiation. Genes Dev 10: 2577-2587.
Mittwoch U (2000) Genetics of sex determination: exceptions that prove the rule. Mol Genet Metab 71: 405-410.
Miyamoto N, Yoshida M, Kuratani S, Matsuo I & Aizawa S (1997) Defects of urogenital development in mice lacking Emx2. Development 124: 1653-1664.
Molkentin JD, Lin Q, Duncan SA & Olson EN (1997) Requirement of the transcription factor GATA4 for heart tube formation and ventral morphogenesis. Genes Dev 11: 1061-1072.
Monkley SJ, Delaney SJ, Pennisi DJ, Christiansen JH & Wainwright BJ (1996) Targeted disruption of the Wnt2 gene results in placentation defects. Development 122: 3343-3353.
Moore AW, McInnes L, Kreidberg J, Hastie ND & Schedl A (1999) YAC complementation shows a requirement for Wt1 in the development of epicardium, adrenal gland and throughout nephrogenesis. Development 126: 1845-1857.
Morais da Silva S, Hacker A, Harley V, Goodfellow P, Swain A & Lovell-Badge R (1996) Sox9 expression during gonadal development implies a conserved role for the gene in testis differentiation in mammals and birds. Nat Genet 14: 62-68.
Morohashi K, Honda S, Inomata Y, Handa H & Omura T (1992) A common trans-acting factor, Ad4-binding protein, to the promoters of steroidogenic P-450s. J Biol Chem 267: 17913-17919.
Morohashi K, Iida H, Nomura M, Hatano O, Honda S, Tsukiyama T, Niwa O, Hara T, Takakusu A & Shibata Y (1994) Functional difference between Ad4BP and ELP, and their distributions in steroidogenic tissues. Mol Endocrinol 8: 643-653.
Mulroy T, McMahon JA, Burakoff SJ, McMahon AP & Sen J (2002) Wnt-1 and Wnt-4 regulate thymic cellularity. Eur J Immunol 32: 967-971.
Munsterberg A & Lovell-Badge R (1991) Expression of the mouse anti-mullerian hormone gene suggests a role in both male and female sexual differentiation. Development 113: 613-624.
Muscatelli F, Strom TM, Walker AP, Zanaria E, Recan D, Meindl A, Bardoni B, Guioli S, Zehetner G, Rabl W, Schwarz HP, Kaolan J-C, Camerino G, Meitinger T & Monaco AP (1994) Mutations in the DAX-1 gene give rise to both X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Nature 372: 672-676.
Mustonen MV, Poutanen MH, Isomaa VV, Vihko PT & Vihko RK (1997) Cloning of mouse 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, and analysing expression of the mRNAs for types 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in mouse embryos and adult tissues. Biochem J 325 ( Pt 1): 199-205.
Nachtigal MW, Hirokawa Y, Enyeart-VanHouten DL, Flanagan JN, Hammer GD & Ingraham HA (1998) Wilms" tumor 1 and Dax-1 modulate the orphan nuclear receptor SF-1 in sex-specific gene expression. Cell 93: 445-454.
Niehrs C (1999) Head in the WNT: the molecular nature of Spemann"s head organizer. Trends Genet 15: 314-319.
Noonan FC, Mutch DG, Ann Mallon M & Goodfellow PJ (2001) Characterization of the homeodomain gene EMX2: sequence conservation, expression analysis, and a search for mutations in endometrial cancers. Genomics 76: 37-44.
Noordermeer J, Klingensmith J, Perrimon N & Nusse R (1994) dishevelled and armadillo act in the wingless signalling pathway in Drosophila. Nature 367: 80-83.
Nyska A & Maronpot R (1999) Adrenal gland. In: R Maronpot, G Boorman and B Gaul (eds) Pathology of the mouse. Reference and atlas, Cache River Press, p 509-536.
Oba K, Yanase T, Nomura M, Morohashi K, Takayanagi R & Nawata H (1996) Structural characterization of human Ad4bp (SF-1) gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 226: 261-267.
Ottolenghi C, Moreira-Filho C, Mendonca BB, Barbieri M, Fellous M, Berkovitz GD & McElreavey K (2001) Absence of mutations involving the LIM homeobox domain gene LHX9 in 46,XY gonadal agenesis and dysgenesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: 2465-2469.
Pandur P, Lasche M, Eisenberg LM & Kuhl M (2002) Wnt-11 activation of a non-canonical Wnt signalling pathway is required for cardiogenesis. Nature 418: 636-641.
Parker KL & Schimmer BP (1997) Steroidogenic factor 1: a key determinant of endocrine development and function. Endocr Rev 18: 361-377.
Parker KL & Schimmer BP (1998) Ahch and the feminine mystique [news; comment]. Nat Genet 20: 318-319.
Parker KL, Schimmer BP & Schedl A (1999) Genes essential for early events in gonadal development. Cell Mol Life Sci 55: 831-838.
Parr BA, Avery EJ, Cygan JA & McMahon AP (1998) The classical mouse mutant postaxial hemimelia results from a mutation in the Wnt 7a gene. Dev Biol 202: 228-234.
Parr BA, Cornish VA, Cybulsky MI & McMahon AP (2001) Wnt7b regulates placental development in mice. Dev Biol 237: 324-332.
Parr BA & McMahon AP (1995) Dorsalizing signal Wnt-7a required for normal polarity of D-V and A-P axes of mouse limb. Nature 374: 350-353.
Parr BA & McMahon AP (1998) Sexually dimorphic development of the mammalian reproductive tract requires Wnt-7a. Nature 395: 707-710.
Pelletier J, Schalling M, Buckler AJ, Rogers A, Haber DA & Housman D (1991) Expression of the Wilms" tumor gene WT1 in the murine urogenital system. Genes Dev 5: 1345-1356.
Perera EM, Martin H, Seeherunvong T, Kos L, Hughes IA, Hawkins JR & Berkovitz GD (2001) Tescalcin, a novel gene encoding a putative EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding protein, Col9a3, and renin are expressed in the mouse testis during the early stages of gonadal differentiation. Endocrinology 142: 455-463.
Pesce M, Wang X, Wolgemuth DJ & Scholer H (1998) Differential expression of the Oct-4 transcription factor during mouse germ cell differentiation. Mech Dev 71: 89-98.
Piccolo S, Agius E, Leyns L, Bhattacharyya S, Grunz H, Bouwmeester T & De Robertis EM (1999) The head inducer Cerberus is a multifunctional antagonist of Nodal, BMP and Wnt signals. Nature 397: 707-710.
Quigley CA, De Bellis A, Marschke KB, el-Awady MK, Wilson EM & French FS (1995) Androgen receptor defects: historical, clinical, and molecular perspectives. Endocr Rev 16: 271-321.
Ramayya MS, Zhou J, Kino T, Segars JH, Bondy CA & Chrousos GP (1997) Steroidogenic factor 1 messenger ribonucleic acid expression in steroidogenic and nonsteroidogenic human tissues: Northern blot and in situ hybridization studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82: 1799-1806.
Rattner A, Hsieh JC, Smallwood PM, Gilbert DJ, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA & Nathans J (1997) A family of secreted proteins contains homology to the cysteine-rich ligand-binding domain of frizzled receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94: 2859-2863.
Raymond CS, Murphy MW, O"Sullivan MG, Bardwell VJ & Zarkower D (2000) Dmrt1, a gene related to worm and fly sexual regulators, is required for mammalian testis differentiation. Genes Dev 14: 2587-2595.
Rheaume E, Sanchez R, Simard J, Chang YT, Wang J, Pang S & Labrie F (1994) Molecular basis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in two siblings with classical nonsalt-losing 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79: 1012-1018.
Rohwedel J, Sehlmeyer U, Shan J, Meister A & Wobus AM (1996) Primordial germ cell-derived mouse embryonic germ (EG) cells in vitro resemble undifferentiated stem cells with respect to differentiation capacity and cell cycle distribution. Cell Biol Int 20: 579-587.
Ross SE, Hemati N, Longo KA, Bennett CN, Lucas PC, Erickson RL & MacDougald OA (2000) Inhibition of adipogenesis by Wnt signaling. Science 289: 950-953.
Ruggiu M, Speed R, Taggart M, McKay SJ, Kilanowski F, Saunders P, Dorin J & Cooke HJ (1997) The mouse Dazla gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein essential for gametogenesis. Nature 389: 73-77.
Russell AJ, Wallace AM, Forest MG, Donaldson MD, Edwards CR & Sutcliffe RG (1994a) Mutation in the human gene for 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II leading to male pseudohermaphroditism without salt loss. J Mol Endocrinol 12: 225-237.
Russell DW, Berman DM, Bryant JT, Cala KM, Davis DL, Landrum CP, Prihoda JS, Silver RI, Thigpen AE & Wigley WC (1994b) The molecular genetics of steroid 5 alpha-reductases. Recent Prog Horm Res 49: 275-284.
Sadovsky Y, Crawford PA, Woodson KG, Polish JA, Clements MA, Tourtellotte LM, Simburger K & Milbrandt J (1995) Mice deficient in the orphan receptor steroidogenic factor 1 lack adrenal glands and gonads but express P450 side-chain-cleavage enzyme in the placenta and have normal embryonic serum levels of corticosteroids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92: 10939-10943.
Sass B (1996) Embryology, adrenal gland, mouse. In: Capen, CC Jones TC, Mohr U (eds) Endocrine System. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Springer-Verlag, p 381-386.
Schmahl J, Eicher EM, Washburn LL & Capel B (2000) Sry induces cell proliferation in the mouse gonad. Development 127: 65-73.
Scholer HR, Dressler GR, Balling R, Rohdewohld H & Gruss P (1990) Oct-4: a germline-specific transcription factor mapping to the mouse t-complex. Embo J 9: 2185-2195.
Sharma PM, Yang X, Bowman M, Roberts V & Sukumar S (1992) Molecular cloning of rat Wilms" tumor complementary DNA and a study of messenger RNA expression in the urogenital system and the brain. Cancer Res 52: 6407-6412.
Shawlot W & Behringer RR (1995) Requirement for Lim1 in head-organizer function. Nature 374: 425-430.
Shen WH, Moore CC, Ikeda Y, Parker KL & Ingraham HA (1994) Nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 regulates the mullerian inhibiting substance gene: a link to the sex determination cascade. Cell 77: 651-661.
Shinoda K, Lei H, Yoshii H, Nomura M, Nagano M, Shiba H, Sasaki H, Osawa Y, Ninomiya Y, Niwa O, Morohashi K & Li E (1995) Developmental defects of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and pituitary gonadotroph in the Ftz-F1 disrupted mice. Dev Dyn 204: 22-29.
Siegfried E, Wilder EL & Perrimon N (1994) Components of wingless signalling in Drosophila. Nature 367: 76-80.
Silversides DW, Price CA & Cooke GM (1995) Effects of short-term exposure to hydroxyflutamide in utero on the development of the reproductive tract in male mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 73: 1582-1588.
Sinclair AH, Berta P, Palmer MS, Hawkins JR, Griffiths BL, Smith MJ, Foster JW, Frischauf AM, Lovell-Badge R & Goodfellow PN (1990) A gene from the human sex-determining region encodes a protein with homology to a conserved DNA-binding motif [see comments]. Nature 346: 240-244.
Soyal SM, Amleh A & Dean J (2000) FIGalpha, a germ cell-specific transcription factor required for ovarian follicle formation. Development 127: 4645-4654.
Stark K, Vainio S, Vassileva G & McMahon AP (1994) Epithelial transformation of metanephric mesenchyme in the developing kidney regulated by Wnt-4. Nature 372: 679-683.
Stocco DM (2001) StAR protein and the regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis. Annu Rev Physiol 63: 193-213.
Strutt DI, Weber U & Mlodzik M (1997) The role of RhoA in tissue polarity and Frizzled signalling. Nature 387: 292-295.
Sudbeck P, Schmitz ML, Baeuerle PA & Scherer G (1996) Sex reversal by loss of the C-terminal transactivation domain of human SOX9. Nat Genet 13: 230-232.
Swain A & Lovell-Badge R (1999) Mammalian sex determination: a molecular drama. Genes Dev 13: 755-767.
Swain A, Narvaez V, Burgoyne P, Camerino G & Lovell-Badge R (1998) Dax1 antagonizes Sry action in mammalian sex determination. Nature 391: 761-767.
Swain A, Zanaria E, Hacker A, Lovell-Badge R & Camerino G (1996) Mouse Dax1 expression is consistent with a role in sex determination as well as in adrenal and hypothalamus function. Nat Genet 12: 404-409.
Tada M & Smith JC (2000) Xwnt11 is a target of Xenopus Brachyury: regulation of gastrulation movements via Dishevelled, but not through the canonical Wnt pathway. Development 127: 2227-2238.
Takada S, Stark KL, Shea MJ, Vassileva G, McMahon JA & McMahon AP (1994) Wnt-3a regulates somite and tailbud formation in the mouse embryo. Genes Dev 8: 174-189.
Tamai K, Semenov M, Kato Y, Spokony R, Liu C, Katsuyama Y, Hess F, Saint-Jeannet JP & He X (2000) LDL-receptor-related proteins in Wnt signal transduction. Nature 407: 530-535.
Thomas KR & Capecchi MR (1990) Targeted disruption of the murine int-1 proto-oncogene resulting in severe abnormalities in midbrain and cerebellar development. Nature 346: 847-850.
Tomboc M, Lee PA, Mitwally MF, Schneck FX, Bellinger M & Witchel SF (2000) Insulin-like 3/relaxin-like factor gene mutations are associated with cryptorchidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 4013-4018.
Torres M, Gomez-Pardo E, Dressler GR & Gruss P (1995) Pax-2 controls multiple steps of urogenital development. Development 121: 4057-4065.
Treier M, Gleiberman AS, O"Connell SM, Szeto DP, McMahon JA, McMahon AP & Rosenfeld MG (1998) Multistep signaling requirements for pituitary organogenesis in vivo. Genes Dev 12: 1691-1704.
Tremblay JJ, Robert NM & Viger RS (2001) Modulation of endogenous GATA-4 activity reveals its dual contribution to Mullerian inhibiting substance gene transcription in Sertoli cells. Mol Endocrinol 15: 1636-1650.
Tucker PK & Lundrigan BL (1993) Rapid evolution of the sex determining locus in Old World mice and rats. Nature 364: 715-717.
Uusitalo M, Heikkilä M & Vainio S (1999) Molecular genetic studies of Wnt signaling in the mouse. Exp Cell Res 253: 336-348.
Vaiman D & Pailhoux E (2000) Mammalian sex reversal and intersexuality: deciphering the sex-determination cascade. Trends Genet 16: 488-494.
Vainio S, Heikkilä M, Kispert A, Chin N & McMahon AP (1999) Female development in mammals is regulated by Wnt-4 signalling. Nature 397: 405-409.
Veitia RA, Salas-Cortes L, Ottolenghi C, Pailhoux E, Cotinot C & Fellous M (2001) Testis determination in mammals: more questions than answers. Mol Cell Endocrinol 179: 3-16.
Vidal VP, Chaboissier MC, de Rooij DG & Schedl A (2001) Sox9 induces testis development in XX transgenic mice. Nat Genet 28: 216-217.
Viger RS, Mertineit C, Trasler JM & Nemer M (1998) Transcription factor GATA-4 is expressed in a sexually dimorphic pattern during mouse gonadal development and is a potent activator of the Mullerian inhibiting substance promoter. Development 125: 2665-2675.
Vigier B, Watrin F, Magre S, Tran D & Josso N (1987) Purified bovine AMH induces a characteristic freemartin effect in fetal rat prospective ovaries exposed to it in vitro. Development 100: 43-55.
Vilain E, Guo W, Zhang YH & McCabe ER (1997) DAX1 gene expression upregulated by steroidogenic factor 1 in an adrenocortical carcinoma cell line. Biochem Mol Med 61: 1-8.
Vilain E, Le Fiblec B, Morichon-Delvallez N, Brauner R, Dommergues M, Dumez Y, Jaubert F, Boucekkine C, McElreavey K, Vekemans M & Fellous M. (1994) SRY-negative XX fetus with complete male phenotype. Lancet 343: 240-241.
Vilain E & McCabe ER (1998) Mammalian sex determination: from gonads to brain. Mol Genet Metab 65: 74-84.
Visser JA, Olaso R, Verhoef-Post M, Kramer P, Themmen AP & Ingraham HA (2001) The serine/threonine transmembrane receptor ALK2 mediates Mullerian inhibiting substance signaling. Mol Endocrinol 15: 936-945.
Vuolteenaho O, Leppaluoto J, Vakkuri O, Karppinen J, Hoyhtya M & Ling N (1981) Development and validation of a radioimmunoassay for beta-endorphin-related peptides. Acta Physiol Scand 112: 313-321.
Wagner T, Wirth J, Meyer J, Zabel B, Held M, Zimmer J, Pasantes J, Bricarelli FD, Keutel J, Hustert E, Wolf U, Tommerup N, Schempp W &Schrerer G (1994) Autosomal sex reversal and campomelic dysplasia are caused by mutations in and around the SRY-related gene SOX9. Cell 79: 1111-1120.
Wallingford JB, Rowning BA, Vogeli KM, Rothbacher U, Fraser SE & Harland RM (2000) Dishevelled controls cell polarity during Xenopus gastrulation. Nature 405: 81-85.
Wang Y, Macke JP, Abella BS, Andreasson K, Worley P, Gilbert DJ, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA & Nathans J (1996) A large family of putative transmembrane receptors homologous to the product of the Drosophila tissue polarity gene frizzled. J Biol Chem 271: 4468-4476.
Werner MH, Huth JR, Gronenborn AM & Clore GM (1996) Molecular determinants of mammmalian sex. Trends Biochem Sci 21: 302-308.
van de Wetering M, Cavallo R, Dooijes D, van Beest M, van Es J, Loureiro J, Ypma A, Hursh D, Jones T, Bejsovec A, Peifer M, Mortin M & Clevers H (1997) Armadillo coactivates transcription driven by the product of the Drosophila segment polarity gene dTCF. Cell 88: 789-799.
Whitfield LS, Lovell-Badge R & Goodfellow PN (1993) Rapid sequence evolution of the mammalian sex-determining gene SRY. Nature 364: 713-715.
Wiener JS, Teague JL, Roth DR, Gonzales ET, Jr. & Lamb DJ (1997) Molecular biology and function of the androgen receptor in genital development. J Urol 157: 1377-1386.
Wilkinson D (1992) In situ hybridization- A practical approach. Oxford University press, Oxford, New York, Tokio.
Willert K & Nusse R (1998) Beta-catenin: a key mediator of Wnt signaling. Curr Opin Genet Dev 8: 95-102.
Winklbauer R, Medina A, Swain RK & Steinbeisser H (2001) Frizzled-7 signalling controls tissue separation during Xenopus gastrulation. Nature 413: 856-860.
Wong M, Ramayya MS, Chrousos GP, Driggers PH & Parker KL (1996) Cloning and sequence analysis of the human gene encoding steroidogenic factor 1. J Mol Endocrinol 17: 139-147.
Yamaguchi TP, Bradley A, McMahon AP & Jones S (1999) A Wnt5a pathway underlies outgrowth of multiple structures in the vertebrate embryo. Development 126: 1211-1223.
Yanase T, Sanders D, Shibata A, Matsui N, Simpson ER & Waterman MR (1990) Combined 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency due to a 7- basepair duplication in the N-terminal region of the cytochrome P45017 alpha (CYP17) gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 70: 1325-1329.
Yanase T, Simpson ER & Waterman MR (1991) 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency: from clinical investigation to molecular definition. Endocr Rev 12: 91-108.
Yeom YI, Fuhrmann G, Ovitt CE, Brehm A, Ohbo K, Gross M, Hubner K & Scholer HR (1996) Germline regulatory element of Oct-4 specific for the totipotent cycle of embryonal cells. Development 122: 881-894.
Yoshikawa Y, Fujimori T, McMahon AP & Takada S (1997) Evidence that absence of Wnt-3a signaling promotes neuralization instead of paraxial mesoderm development in the mouse. Dev Biol 183: 234-242.
Yu RN, Ito M, Saunders TL, Camper SA & Jameson JL (1998) Role of Ahch in gonadal development and gametogenesis. Nat Genet 20: 353-357.
Zanaria E, Muscatelli F, Bardoni B, Strom TM, Guioli S, Guo W, Lalli E, Moser C, Walker AP, McCabe ER, Meitinger T, Monaco AP, Sassone-Corsi P & Camerino G (1994) An unusual member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily responsible for X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita. Nature 372: 635-641.
Zazopoulos E, Lalli E, Stocco DM & Sassone-Corsi P (1997) DNA binding and transcriptional repression by DAX-1 blocks steroidogenesis. Nature 390: 311-315.
Zhang H, Thomsen JS, Johansson L, Gustafsson JA & Treuter E (2000) DAX-1 functions as an LXXLL-containing corepressor for activated estrogen receptors. J Biol Chem 275: 39855-39859.
Zhang P, Compagnone NA, Fiore C, Vigne JL, Culp P, Musci TJ & Mellon SH (2001) Developmental gonadal expression of the transcription factor SET and its target gene, P450c17 (17alpha-hydroxylase/c17,20 lyase). DNA Cell Biol 20: 613-624.
Zimmermann S, Steding G, Emmen JM, Brinkmann AO, Nayernia K, Holstein AF, Engel W & Adham IM (1999) Targeted disruption of the Insl3 gene causes bilateral cryptorchidism. Mol Endocrinol 13: 681-691.