Abbreviations

ATP7A

Menkes disease gene

β APN

β -aminopropionitrile

BMP-1

bone morphogenetic protein-1

bp

basepair(s)

C

carboxy

cDNA

complementary deoxyribonucleic acid

ES

embryonic stem cell

kb

kilobase(s)

kDa

kilodalton(s)

LO

lysyl oxidase

LOX

the first described lysyl oxidase enzyme

LOXL

lysyl oxidase-like protein

LTQ

lysine tyrosylquinone

mRNA

messenger RNA

N

amino

OHS

occipital horn syndrome

PCR

polymerase chain reaction

rrg

ras recision gene

TGF-β 1

transforming growth factor-β 1

SRCR

scavenger receptor cysteine-rich region