References

Ahnger A & Hautala J (1994) Stock fractionation and purity control on processing of recycled-fiber-based stock. Proc. 48th Appita Annual General Conference, Carlton, Australia, 387-394.

Beath LR, Neill MT & Masse FA (1966) Latency in mechanical wood pulps. Pulp and Paper Magazine of Canada 67(10): T423-T430.

Bentley RG, Scudamore P & Jack JS (1994) A comparison between fibre length measurement methods. Pulp & Paper Canada 95(4): 41-45.

Bliss T (1990) Screening in the stock preparation system. Proc. Stock Preparation Short Course, Atlanta, GA, USA, 59-75.

Bliss T & Vitori C (1992) Effect of velocity through pressure screen slots on efficiency and throughput. Proc. Contaminant Problems & Strategies in Wastepaper Recycling Seminar, Cincinnati, OH, USA, 73-84.

Braaten KR & Wakelin RF (1999) Fiber length fractionation of TMP using pressure screens. TAPPI Journal 82(6): 129-135.

Borschke D, Bergfeld D & Friedrich H (1998) Screening and fractionation — traditional technology now with new perspectives. 52nd Appita Annual General Conference, Brisbane, Australia, 279-286.

Bos J (1966) A strange experience with the Bauer-McNett classifier. TAPPI 49(11): 508.

Chang H, Sinkey JD & Johanson FY (1979) Chemical analysis of refiner pulps. TAPPI 62(9): 103-106.

Clark J d’A (1985) Pulp technology and treatment of paper. Miller Freeman Publications Inc., California, USA.

Corson SR (1996) Development of TMP fibre and pulp and quality. Appita Journal 49(5): 309-312.

Dong S, Salcudean M & Gartshore I (2000) Fibre motion in single and multiple screen slots. Proc. TAPPI Papermakers Conference, Vancouver, Canada, 597-602.

Duffy GG (1999) Increasing profit through selective fibre treatment. Proc. 53rd Appita Annual Conference, Rotorua, New Zealand, 205-209.

Dulude BK (1994) Improved TMP stock screening. Proc. 80th Annual Meeting of Technical Section of Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Montreal, Canada, A: 223-227.

Eckert WF, Masliyah J & Afacan A (1997) Fractionation of softwood TMP by flotation. TAPPI Journal 80(5): 210-216.

El-Hosseiny F & Yan JF (1980) Analysis of Canadian Standard Freeness. Part II. Practical implications. Pulp & Paper Canada 81(6): 67-70.

Fjerdingen H, Forseth TF, Gregersen OW, Helle T, Johnsen PO, Kure K-A & Reme PA (1997) Some mechanical pulp fibre characteristics, their process relationships and papermaking significance. Proc. Fundamentals of Papermaking Materials — 11th Fundamental Research Symposium, Cambridge, UK, 547-605.

Forbes DR (1987) Pulp mill screening is key to pulp quality, maximum fiber utilization. Pulp & Paper 61(11): 107-112.

Forgacs O (1963) The characterization of mechanical pulps. Pulp and Paper Magazine of Canada 64(C): T89-T118.

Fredriksson B (1995) New HC screening technology for recycled fiber pulps. Paperi ja Puu 77(5): 307-313.

Frejborg F (1986) Profiled screens remove stickies, cut rejects, plugs, fractionation, wear. Pulp & Paper 60(3): 83-85.

Frejborg F (1987) Profile screens improve TMP system efficiency and increase pulp quality. Pulp & Paper 61(6): 99-101.

Gooding RW (1986) The passage of fibres through slots in pulp screening. M.Sc. Thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Gooding RW & Kerekes RJ (1989) Derivation of Performance Equations for Solid-Solid Screens. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 67(10): 801-805.

Gooding RW & Kerekes RJ (1992) Consistency changes caused by pulp screening. TAPPI Journal 75(11): 109-118.

Gooding RW & Craig DF (1992) The effect of slot spacing on pulp screen capacity. TAPPI Journal 75(2): 71-75.

Goosney DD (1993) Evaluation of Ahlströms"s profiled slot screen plates. Proc. 79th Annual Meeting of Technical Section of Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Montreal, Canada, B269-B276.

Hacker M & Presley R (1995) Mill experiences — aerodynamic rotor and profile slotted cylinders provide more efficient, higher-capacity screens. Proc. TAPPI Pulping Conference, Chicago, IL, USA, 657-664.

Halonen L, Ljokkoi R & Peltonen K (1989) Improved screening concepts. Proc. TAPPI Pulping Conference, Seattle, WA, USA, 61-66.

Hautala J, Hourula I, Jussila T & Pitkänen M (1999) Screening and cleaning. In Mechanical Pulping (Ed. Sundholm J) Fapet Oy, Jyväskylä, Finland.

Heikkurinen A, Lucander M, Robertsen L, Sirviö J, Kärenlampi P, Hirvonen J & Kemppainen-Kajola P (1998) Management of size and shape distributions within mechanical pulps (in Finnish). Kestävä paperi — research program, Report 22, Espoo, Finland.

Heise O (1992) Screening foreign material and stickies. TAPPI Journal 75(2): 78-81.

Hietanen T, Ämmälä A, Niinimäki J & Jussila T (1999) Pressure screening — Prediction of production rate and pulp properties of accepted and rejected fractions. Proc. TAPPI Paperex-99, New Delhi, India, 249-262.

Hiltunen E (1999) Papermaking properties of pulp. In Pulp and Paper Testing (Eds. Levlin J-E & Söderhjelm L), Fapet Oy, Jyväskylä, Finland.

Hooper AW (1987) A comparison of slots and holes in the screening of mechanical pulp. Proc. 73rd Annual Meeting of Technical Section of Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Montreal, Canada, 57-65.

Jones HWH (1966) Occurrence and removal of kink and curl from mechanical pulp fibres as related to paper properties. Pulp and Paper Magazine of Canada 67(6): T283-T291.

Julien Saint Amand F & Perrin B (1999) Fundamentals of screening: Effect of rotor design and fibre properties. Proc. TAPPI Pulping Conference, Orlando, USA, 941-955.

Julkunen T & Kukko-Liedes P (1982) Consistency disturbances caused by stock flow control valves (in Finnish). Paperi ja Puu 64(4): 245-247.

Kauppinen M (1998) Personal communication. Kajaani, Finland

Kappel J (1999) Mechanical pulps: From wood to bleached pulps. TAPPI Press, Atlanta, USA.

Karaila I (1998) Modelling of fibre concentration in pulp suspensions. Ph.D. Thesis. Tampere University of Technology, Tamper, Finland.

Karnis A (1982) Refining of mechanical pulp rejects. Paperi ja Puu 64(4): 257-272.

Karnis A (1994) The mechanism of fibre development in mechanical pulping. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science 20(10): 280-288.

Karnis A (1997) Pulp fractionation by fibre characteristic. Paperi ja Puu 79(7): 480-488.

Kleinhappel S, Lipponen J & Jussila T (1995) Groundwood pulp quality improvements with economical benefit by improved screening efficiency. Proc. International Mechanical Pulping Conference, Ottawa, Canada, 267-270.

Koljonen K, Stenius P & Buchert J (1997) The surface chemistry of PGW pulp fibre fractions. Proc. International Mechanical Pulping Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, 407-411.

Koran Z (1994) New parameters derived from Bauer-McNett classification data. Pulp & Paper Canada 95(10): 21-23.

Kubat J & Steenberg B (1955) Screening at low particle concentrations. Svensk Papperstidning 58(9): 319-324.

Kumar A (1991) Passage of fibres through screen apertures. Ph.D. Thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Kure K-A, Dahlqvist G, Ekstrom J & Helle T (1999) Hydrocyclone separation, and reject refining, of thick-walled mechanical pulp fibres. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal 14(2): 100-104.

Kärenlampi P & Suur-Hamari H (1997) Classified wood raw materials for diversified softwood kraft pulps. Paperi ja Puu 79(6): 404-410.

Laine A, Pikka O & Simola M (1995) A revolution in pulp screening — recent experiences. Paperi ja Puu 77(5): 295-296.

Lammi T & Heikkurinen A (1997) Mechanical properties of single fibres. PSC Communications 102, Espoo, Finland.

Levis SH (1991) Screening of secondary fibers. Progress in Paper Recycling 1(1): 31-45.

Levlin J-E (1982) On the suitability of the McNett classifier for the fibre-length classification of pulps. Paperi ja Puu 64(4): 213-216, 236.

Lindholm C-A (1980) Comparison of some papermaking properties of GW, PGW and TMP by means of artificial blends of pulp fractions. Part 1. Paperi ja Puu 62(10): 593-605.

Luukko K (1999) Characterization and properties of mechanical pulp fines, Ph.D. Thesis, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland.

Luukkonen M, Suutari H & Paavilainen L (1990) Utilization of pulp drainage and fibre length measurements at a TMP mill. Appita Journal 43(2): 213-216.

McCarthy CE (1988) Various factors affect pressure screen operation and capacity. Pulp & Paper 62(9): 233-237.

McDonald SW (1993) Screening at higher consistency to improve efficiency. Proc. Improving Screening and Cleaning Efficiencies Short Course, Richmond, USA.

Mohlin U-B (1980) Properties of TMP fractions and their importance for the quality of printing papers. Part 2. Svensk Papperstidning 83(18): 513-519.

Mohlin U-B (1989) Fibre bonding ability — a key pulp quality parameter for mechanical pulps to be used in printing papers. Proc. International Mechanical Pulping Conference, Helsinki, Finland, 49-57.

Moller K & Norman B (1975) Calming lengths in pulp suspension flow. Svensk Papperstidning 78(16): 582-587.

Moller K, Duffy GG, Moller JT & Foghmar P (1980) High-consistency pulp fractionation with atomizer. TAPPI 63(9): 89-91.

Nelson GL (1981) The screening quotient: a better index for screening performance. TAPPI 64 (5): 133.

Nevalainen K (1969) Optimizing of groundwood screening. Paperi ja Puu 51(9): 667-678.

Niinimäki (1998) On the fundamentals of pressure screening. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.

Niinimäki J, Dahl O, Hautala J, Tirri T & Kuopanportti H (1996a) Effect of feed construction on the efficiency of pressure screening. TAPPI Journal 79(11): 119-123.

Niinimäki J, Dahl O, Hautala J, Tirri T & Kuopanportti H (1996b) Effect of operating parameters and rotor body shape on flow conditions and the performance of pressure screen. Proc. TAPPI Pulping Conference, 761-766.

Niinimäki J, Heikkkinen P & Kortela U (1997) Simulation of operating and design parameters of a pressure screen. Proc. IASTED International Conference on Modelling, Identification and Control, Insbruck, Austria.

Niinimäki J, Dahl O & Kuopanportti H, Ämmälä A (1998a) The effect of screen surface properties on the pressure screening — The selection of expedient screen basket for GW application. Paperi ja Puu 80(8): 601-605.

Niinimäki J, Ämmälä A, Dahl O, Kuopanportti H & Nissilä S (1998b) The settings of hydrofoils in a pressure screen. Proc. International Symposium on Filtration, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, 71-78.

Niinimäki J, Dahl O, Ämmälä A, Rintala J, Kortela U & Stoor T (1999) Simulation of Bauer-McNett fractions using optically analysed fiber length. Proc. IASTED International Conference on Modelling, Identification and Control, Innsbruck, Austria, 220-222.

Niinimäki J, Leiviskä K, Jussila T, Tienvieri T, Härkönen E & Ämmälä A (2000) Novel strategy for screen rooms in mechanical pulping. Proc. IASTED International Conference on Modelling, Identification and Control, Innsbruck, Austria, 112-116.

Olgård G (1970) Fractionation of fibre suspension by liquid column flow. TAPPI 53(7): 1240-1266.

Olson J (1996) The effect of fibre length on passage through narrow apertures (Pulp pressure screening). Ph.D. Thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Olson J & Wherret G (1998) A model of fibre fractionation by slotted screen apertures. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science 24(12): 398-403.

Olson J, Roberts N, Allison B & Gooding R (1998) Fibre length fractionation caused by pulp screening. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science 24(12): 393-397.

Olson J, Allison B & Roberts N (2000) Fibre length fractionation caused by pulp screening. Smooth hole screen plates. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science 26(1): 12-16.

Ora M, Saarinen A, Hautala J & Paulapuro H (1993) Development of a fractionating screening method for SC groundwood. Paperi ja Puu 75(5): 330-336.

Paavilainen L (1993) Influence of fibre morphology and processing on the softwood sulphate pulp fibre and paper properties. Ph.D. Thesis, Espoo, Finland.

Paul T, Chen D, Duffy G & Walmsley M (1999) Improved screening performance with viscous media. Proc. 53rd Appita Annual Conference, Rotorua, New Zealand, 821-824.

Popov E (1976) Mechanics of materials. 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, Inc., New Jersey, USA.

Reisto P (1990) Sampling and laboratory analyses of low consistency paper stock (in Finnish). M.Sc. Thesis. University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.

Repo K & Sundholm J (1995) The effect of rotor speed on the separation of coarse fibers in pressure screening with narrow slots. Proc. International Mechanical Pulping Conference, Ottawa, Canada, 271-275.

Rewatkar VB & Masliyah JH (1999) Fractionation of softwood fiber (TMP) using rotating cone. TAPPI Journal 82(2): 85-94.

Sandberg C, Nilsson L & Nikko A (1997) Fibre fractionation — a way to improve paper quality. Proc. International Mechanical Pulping Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, 167-171.

Sanders H & Meyer H (1971) Consistency distributions in turbulent tube flow of fiber suspensions. TAPPI 54(5): 722-730.

Sastry CBR & Wellwood RW (1972) Coarseness of some coniferous wood pulps: a new approach. TAPPI 55(6): 901-903.

Scott GM & Abubakr S (1994) Fractionation of secondary fibre -A review. Progress in Paper Recycling 3(3):50-59.

Sealey R & Miller G (1981) Modified screen basket geometry improves pressure screen operation. Pulp & Paper 55(6): 97-100.

Seifert P (1993) Understanding screening of secondary fiber. Proc. TAPPI Engineering Conference, Orlando, FL, USA, 429-438.

Siewert WM, Selder H & Flynn PJ (1989) Customizing fractionation performances. Proc. TAPPI Pulping Conference, Seattle, WA, USA, 2: 721-727.

Sköld H & Nilsson P (1993) PQM 1000 fiber and shive classifier based on image analysis. Proc. 18th International Mechanical Pulping Conference, Oslo, Norway, 54-61.

Stoor T, Tuokko H & Niinimäki J (2000) Laboratory analysis of mechanical pulp — effect of storage conditions and time on measured technical properties. Proc. TAPPI Papermakers Conference, Vancouver, Canada, 135-139.

Sundholm J (1999a) What is mechanical pulping? In Mechanical Pulping (Ed. Sundholm J), Fapet Oy, Jyväskylä, Finland.

Sundholm J (1999b) Future outlook. In Mechanical Pulping (Ed. Sundholm J), Fapet Oy, Jyväskylä, Finland.

Tangsaghasaksri W & Göttsching L (1994a) Einfluss von Schlitz-Konturen auf den Faserdurchgang — Untersuchungen mit Hilfe eines Modell Sortierers. Teil 1. Das Papier 48(4): 172-179.

Tangsaghasaksri W & Göttsching L (1994b) Einfluss von Schlitz-Konturen auf den Faserdurchgang — Untersuchungen mit Hilfe eines Modell Sortierers. Teil 2. Das Papier 48(5): 235-247.

Tiikkaja E (1996) Mill benefits from on-line fiber length measurement. Proc. Process and Product Quality Conference, Cincinnati, USA, 7-12.

Tiikkaja E (1997) Kajaani FiberLab — a new chapter in fiber measurement. Valmet PaperNews 13(3-4): 33-34.

Ullman U, Billing O & Jonsson A (1968) Fibre classification as a method of characterizing pulp. Pulp and Paper Magazine of Canada 69(17): 69-83.

Vitori CM & Philippe IJ (1989) New technology for improved performance and longer wear life in contour-Surface slotted-screen cylinders. Proc. TAPPI Pulping Conference, Seattle, WA, USA, 2: 707-714.

Wakelin RF & Corson SR (1995) TMP long fibre fractionation with pressure screens. Proc. International Mechanical Pulping Conference, Ottawa, Canada, 257-265.

Wakelin RF & Paul ST (2000) Effects of some process variables on screen fractionator performance. Proc. 54th Appita Annual Conference, Melbourne, Australia, 153-160.

Wakelin RF, Blackwell BG & Corson SR (1994) The influence of equipment and process variables on mechanical pulp fractionation in pressure screens. Proc. 48th Appita Annual Conference, Melbourne, Australia, 611-621.

Wakelin RF, Dahlqvist GK & Isaksen JE (1999a) Balancing the roles of refiners, screens and hydrocyclones in the production of high quality mechanical pulps. Proc. 53rd Appita Annual Conference, Rotorua, New Zealand, 509-517.

Wakelin RF, Jackman JK & Bawden AD (1999b) Changes in mechanical pulp fibre cross-sectional dimension distributions caused by screens, hydrocyclones and reject refining. Proc 53rd Appita Annual Conference, Rotorua, New Zealand, 211-220.

Walmsley M & Weeds Z (1998) Flow characteristic of eucalyptus pulp suspensions in a pressure screen with 1 mm holes. Proc. 52nd Appita Annual Conference, 271-278. Winkler J & Kelly AF (1994) New developments in pressure screens. Proc. TAPPI

Recycling Symposium, Boston, MA, USA, 415-421.

Wood JR & Karnis A (1979) Distribution of fibre specific surface of papermaking pulps. Pulp & Paper Canada 80(4): 73-79.

Yu CJ (1994) Pulsation measurement in a screen. Proc. TAPPI Engineering Conference, San Francisco, CA, USA, 767-782.

Yu CJ & DeFoe RJ (1994a) Fundamental study of screening hydraulics, Part 1: Flow patterns at the feed-side surface of screen baskets; mechanism of fiber-mat formation and remixing. TAPPI Journal 77(9): 119-124.

Yu CJ & DeFoe RJ (1994b) Fundamental study of screening hydraulics, Part 2: Fiber orientation in feed side of a screen basket. TAPPI Journal 77(9): 119-124.

Yu CJ, Crossley BR & Silveri L (1994a) Fundamental study of screening hydraulics, Part 3: Model for calculating effective open area. TAPPI Journal 77(9): 125-131.

Yu CJ, Defoe RJ & Crossley BR (1994b) Fractionating technology and its applications. Proc. TAPPI Pulping Conference, San Diego, CA, USA, 451-466.

Zhao RH & Kerekes RJ (1993) The effect of suspending liquid viscosity on fiber flocculation. TAPPI Journal 76(2): 183-188.

Zirnak MA, Hur DU & Boger DV (1994) Normal stresses in fibre suspensions. Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 54:153-193.

Ämmälä A, Dahl O, Kuopanportti H & Niinimäki J (1999a) The role of a feed chamber in an axially fed pressure screen. Paperi ja Puu 81(3): 210-215.

Ämmälä A, Dahl O, Kuopanportti H & Niinimäki J (1999b) Pressure screening -The changes of pulp properties in the screen basket. TAPPI Journal 82(10): 99-104.

Ämmälä A, Hietanen T, Niinimäki J & Ylinen R (1999c) Sampling of pulp slurry. Proc. TAPPI Pulping Conference, Orlando, USA, 1199-1209.

Ämmälä A, Rautjärvi H, Seppänen A & Niinimäki J (2000a) Reliability of freeness measurement — errors in analysis procedure. Proc. TAPPI Papermakers Conference, Vancouver, Canada, 147-158.

Ämmälä A, Rautjärvi H & Niinimäki J (2000b) Effect of entrained air on the performance of a pressure screen. Tappi Journal 83(10):62.