4.4. Surgical procedures

The test animals were under general anesthesia during the operations. For rabbits, medetomidine 0.3 mg kg–1 (Domitor®, Lääkefarmos, Finland) and ketamine 20mg kg–1 (Ketalar®, Parke-Davis, Sweden) were administered as intramuscular injections. For pigs, Azaperon 4 mg kg–1 (Stresnil®, Janssen pharmaceutical, Belgium) was first administered as an intramuscular injection, after which anesthesia was induced with medetomidine 80 µg kg–1 (Domitor®, Lääkefarmos, Finland), ketamin 4 mg kg–1 (Ketalar®, Parke‐Davis, Sweden) and atropine 0.05 mg kg–1 (Atropin®, Leiras, Finland) given intramuscularly. Thiopental 5 mg kg–1 (Pentothal Natrium®, Abbott, USA) was then given intravenously, the animal was intubated and the anesthesia was maintained with a combination of nitrous oxide‐oxygen (l:l) and 1.5% enflurane (Efrane®, Abbott, Italy). Buprenorphin 0.3 mg kg–1 given intramuscularly (Temgesic®, Reckitt & Colman, Great Britain) was used as a postoperative analgesic.